Ternyata itu cuma mitos. Termasuk juga pendapat yang mengatakan memakai kacamata terus-terusan akan membuat minus bertambah banyak.
Menurut penelitian ilmiah, wortel memang mengandung banyak vitamin A, tapi kesalahan sistem optik pada mata tidak bisa diperbaiki dengan vitamin A. Ibarat kamera yang lensanya sudah tidak fokus.
Film dari merek berkualitas pun akan merekam gambar yang buram jika lensanya tidak sempurna. Dijelaskan dr. Hadi Prakoso W., Sp.M., “Orang menganggap vitamin A berperan dalam fungsi penglihatan manusia, tapi sebenarnya vitamin A lebih banyak berperan pada metabolisme sel-sel saraf yang ada di retina. Jadi, banyak makan wortel pun tak dapat mencegah jumlah minus, plus, atau silinder lensa kacamata anak,” ujar optalmologis dari Jakarta Eye Centre ini.
Ada juga anggapan yang mengatakan kacamata jangan terus-terusan dipakai karena malah akan menambah minus. Menurut Hadi, pendapat itu juga tidak logis. Sama dengan anggapan kalau kacamata harus selalu dipakai agar minusnya tak bertambah parah.
Ia menjelaskan, perkembangan ukuran bola mata sama seperti perkembangan tubuh manusia. Lihat saja ukuran bola mata bayi yang lebih kecil ketimbang ukuran bola mata orang dewasa. Hal ini berarti dari masa bayi hingga masa dewasa sebetulnya terjadi perkembangan pada ukuran atau dimensi bola mata. Pada 2 tahun pertama yang sangat berkembang adalah sistem optik di bagian depan mata (segmen depan), yaitu sebesar 60%. Setelah usia 2 tahun seg- men depan masih berkembang tapi sudah tidak begitu pesat.
Segmen belakang, lanjut Hadi, akan tumbuh pesat saat usia anak berkisar antara 4 sampai 15 tahun yang kemudian melambat dan berhenti di sekitar usia 18 tahun. Saat itu, bagian belakang bola mata dimana retina berada makin lama makin panjang sesuai dengan pertambahan usia. Jadi, kalau minus pada mata anak bertambah besar, itu karena jarak retina ke lensa makin panjang sehingga minusnya pun akan bertambah besar. Dengan begitu penambahan minus pada usia pertumbuhan terjadi secara alami.
Nah, kondisi miopia rabun jauh yang parah dapat terlihat melalui USG yang memperlihatkan segmen belakang bola mata yang sangat memanjang. “Jelas, kan, pertambahan minus sebenarnya tidak bisa dicegah. Banyak orang tua yang datang meminta kiat mencegah bertambahnya minus pada anak. Ya… itu tidak mungkin kecuali kalau anaknya dibonsai,” kelakar Hadi.
MENGENAL ORGAN MATA
ORGAN MATA bisa diibaratkan kamera. Bola mata yang terdiri atas kornea mata dan lensa mata merupakan bagian sistem optik yang cara kerjanya sama dengan sistem optik di kamera. Sementara retina yang berfungsi sebagai sensor pada mata bisa dianalogikan sebagai film yang dipasang dalam kamera. Imej semua benda yang dilihat mata, akan difokuskan di retina.
Nah, bila konstruksi bola matanya mengalami ketidaksempurnaan, seperti lensanya tidak sempurna atau tidak sesuai dengan keseluruhan konstruksi bola mata maka fokus bisa jatuh di depan retina atau di belakang retina. Akibatnya mata anak tidak bisa memfokuskan imej benda-benda yang dilihatnya atau disebut refraksi. Kelainan refraksi tak memandang usia, bisa terjadi pada anak-anak hingga orang dewasa.
Deteksi kelainan refraksi pada anak-anak biasanya berlangsung dengan melihat perilakunya. “Biasanya orang tua mengeluh, ‘Dok anak saya, kok, kalau nonton teve maunya ke depan terus. Kalau disuruh menjauh malah protes. Bisa juga terlihat anak selalu menyipitkan mata atau memiringkan kepalanya setiap nonton teve. Sedangkan pada anak usia sekolah, gejala kelainan refraksi dapat terlihat dari seringnya anak berjalan mendekati papan tulis atau sering kedapatan salah menyalin.” Untuk mengatasinya anak harus mengenakan lensa buatan berupa kacamata. Dengan alat bantu ini barulah matanya bisa melihat dengan tajam dan bersih.
PENYEBAB REFRAKSI
ASAL TAHU saja, kuat-lemahnya sistem optik pada mata terjadi dengan sendirinya. “Memang dari sononya sudah begitu. Jadi bisa dikatakan sudah merupakan bawaan lahir.”
Penyebabnya antara lain, faktor genetik. Sering, kan, pasangan atau salah satu orang tua yang berkacamata memiliki anak yang juga berkacamata. Memang fakta tersebut belum didukung kuat dengan suatu data penelitian, tapi Hadi banyak menemukan kasus seperti itu dalam praktek sehari-hari. “Gen pembawa bakat kelainan refraksi ini bisa dikatakan kuat,” ujarnya.
Namun, tentunya kita tidak dapat menghilangkan fakta, orang tua yang tak berkacamata bisa saja memiliki anak berkacamata. Apa pemicunya jika bukan karena faktor keturunan, menurut Hadi, hingga kini belum diketahui. Apakah frekuensi nonton TV atau duduk di depan komputer yang terlalu sering? “Pernyataan tersebut belum dibuktikan secara empiris. Lagi pula tidak semua orang yang banyak nonton teve akan mengenakan kacamata bukan?” tukasnya.
Toh, asumsi tersebut tetap tak ditolaknya 100%. Bisa jadi pemicu makin banyaknya orang berkacamata dipengaruhi pola hidup masyarakat yang sudah berubah. “Dulu anak-anak memang sudah nonton teve tapi kalau sore masih bisa main layang-layang di luar rumah. Namun, sekarang lingkungan di luar rumah menjadi semakin tak bersahabat sehingga anak jadi lebih sering menghabiskan waktu di rumah, di depan monitor teve atau komputer. “Tapi sekali lagi hal ini belum pernah dikemukakan secara ilmiah. Jadi kita masih tidak tahu pasti,” tekannya.
MACAM KELAINAN REFRAKSI
Inilah Beberapa kelainan refraksi yang kerap dijumpai:
* Miopia
Kelainan sering diistilahkan rabun jauh. Terjadi karena sistem optik yang sangat kuat pembiasannya, sehingga fokus bayangan benda yang dilihat akan jatuh di depan retina. Kelainan ini bisa dikoreksi dengan lensa minus. Oleh sebab itu, mata miopia dikenal sebagai mata minus.
* Hipermetropia
Kalau yang ini dikenal dengan istilah rabun dekat. Apa yang terjadi pada rabun dekat merupakan kebalikan dari miopia, yaitu sistem optik yang terlalu lemah sehingga fokus dari bayangan benda yang dilihat akan jatuh di belakang retina. Kelainan ini harus dikoreksi dengan lensa plus sehingga fokusnya maju ke posisi normal. “Pada bangsa-bangsa di Asia Timur, mata minus atau rabun jauh lebih dominan ketimbang rabun dekat. Namun, di kalangan bangsa Barat atau Arab penderita hipermetropia lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan mata minus,” ujar Hadi.
* Astigmatisme
Kelainan ini tidak hanya meliputi masalah bagaimana fokus bayangan dibentuk, karena fokus benda yang dilihat terpecah menjadi dua bayangan. Biasanya astimagtisme terjadi karena lengkung datar kornea dan lengkung tegak kornea tidak simetris. Keadaaan ini bisa dianalogikan dengan lengkungan pada sendok. Pada satu sisi ada yang landai sedangkan sisi lainnya terjal. Kalau sistem optik atau suatu lensa terlalu melengkung/terjal maka cahaya yang terbias melalu retina menjadi terlalu dekat. Sedangkan lengkung yang landai membuat fokusnya menjadi terlalu jauh. Akhirnya, imej atau citraan yang jatuh jadi terpecah dua.
Nah, kelainan ini yang oleh orang awam disebut sebagai mata silinder. Namun, terminologi mata silinder ternyata tak tepat karena sebenarnya bukan matanya yang silinder tetapi lensa yang fungsinya mengoreksi keadaan astigmatisme itulah yang bersifat silinder. Jadi, yang ada lensa silinder bukan mata silinder. Kasus astigmatisme banyak dijumpai pada orang Asia.
* Kombinasi Kelainan
Kelainan lensa silinder bisa dibarengi dengan kelainan mata minus atau plus. Kalau kelainan astigmatisme berbarengan dengan kelainan rabun dekat, maka fokus benda yang terlihat terpecah menjadi dua dan jatuhnya di depan retina. Gangguan ini bisa diatasi dengan lensa silinder yang disatukan dengan lensa minus. Sedangkan bila dibarengi rabun jauh, fokus benda yang terpecah akan jatuh di belakang retina. Gangguan seperti ini dapat diatasi dengan lensa silinder yang disatukan dengan lensa plus. Intinya menurut Hadi, hampir semua kelainan refraksi dapat diatasi dengan kacamata.
KALAU KELAINAN TERUS BERTAMBAH
JIKA SETELAH lewat usia 18 tahun, minus tetap bertambah, maka penyebabnya tak lain adalah faktor penurunan fungsi sistem optik dan retina pada mata yang bersangkutan. Bisa juga penyebabnya adalah miopia patologis atau keadaan dimana bola mata terus memanjang. Seharusnya, menurut teori, di usia 18 tahun perkembangan bola mata sudah berhenti.
Ada dugaan, miopia patologis ini bisa diperparah dengan kebiasaan banyak membaca. Di saat membaca, otot-otot di sekitar bola mata dikondisikan untuk mengalami kontraksi atau penegangan. Kalau kontraksi otot mata berlangsung terus, maka bola mata bisa semakin memanjang. “Hanya saja penelitian ini dilakukan pada para penderita miopia, bukan pada orang dengan mata normal. Jadi tak bisa dikatakan banyak membaca akan membuat orang jadi berkacamata,” ujar Hadi menegaskan.
Kesimpulannya, kacamata hanya berfungsi membantu agar mata dapat melihat lebih jernih dan jelas, bukan untuk mencegah atau justru menambah kelainan yang ada. Juga, apakah kacamata itu dipakai atau tidak, maka tidak akan memberi pengaruh. Hanya saja tentu, kalau kacamata dipakai, anak akan melihat dengan jelas, sedangkan kalau tidak, penglihatannya tetap buram.
By Elia Rahmani [eelz cassiopeia]
Microsoft Virtual PC adalah sebuah program virtualisasi yang dijalankan di atas komputer PC berbasis sistem operasi Microsoft Windows dan juga dapat dijalankan di atas komputer Apple Macintosh berbasis sistem operasi Mac OS. Aplikasi ini pada awalnya ditulis oleh Connectix, yang kemudian diakusisi oleh Microsoft Corporation. Pada bulan Juli 2006, Microsoft merilis Virtual PC untuk Windows sebagai sebuah versi yang gratis (tidak berbayar), dan pada bulan Agustus 2006, Microsoft mengumumkan bahwa Virtual PC untuk Macintosh akan dihentikan produksinya, karena Microsoft tidak melakukan porting aplikasi dari prosesor IBM PowerPC (yang sebelumnya digunakan oleh Macintosh) menjadi prosesor berbasis Intel.
Virtual PC dapat melakukan emulasi terhadap sebuah PC standar dan semua perangkat yang dibutuhkannya agar dapat berjalan (keyboard, mouse, CPU, memori, kartu grafik, disket, hard disk, CD-ROM, port COM dan LPT, kartu jaringan hingga sound card). Sehingga, aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan hampir semua sistem operasi yang dapat dijalankan di atas komputer PC. Tetapi, mungkin akan terjadi masalah ketika pengguna hendak melakukan instalasi sistem operasi yang tidak umum digunakan, yang belum diujicoba oleh Microsoft pada saat pengembangannya.
Menginstal Windows di dalam Windows






30. Masukan Id
31. Tunggu hingga selesai
32.Ketika Anda memilih tombol Close, maka Microsoft Virtual PC akan menampilkan pernyataan Save State dan Turn Off.
2. Masukkan cd yang akan dibuat cd virual, tidak rusak dan yang pastinya masih bagus.
3. Jalankan aplikasi Alcohol 52 %.
4. Pada gambar dibawah ini klik menu file lalu pilih Image Making Wizard.
5. Setelah muncul kotak dialog seperti gambar di bawah ini, pada kolom CD/DVD Device tentukan cd/dvd drive yang ada cd yang akan anda virtualkan. Setelah itu klik next
6. Setelah muncul kotak dialog seperti gambar dibawah ini, tentukan lokasi penyimpanan image(hasil backup cd yang akan divirtualkan) pada image location:. Pada kolom image format: pilih format Standar ISO Image File (*.iso). Dan jangan lupa beri nama image tersebut pada kolom Image name:
7. Setelah itu klik start, lalu muncul seperti tampilan dibawah ini, tunggu hingga proces selesai.
Virtual PC dapat melakukan emulasi terhadap sebuah PC standar dan semua perangkat yang dibutuhkannya agar dapat berjalan (keyboard, mouse, CPU, memori, kartu grafik, disket, hard disk, CD-ROM, port COM dan LPT, kartu jaringan hingga sound card). Sehingga, aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan hampir semua sistem operasi yang dapat dijalankan di atas komputer PC. Tetapi, mungkin akan terjadi masalah ketika pengguna hendak melakukan instalasi sistem operasi yang tidak umum digunakan, yang belum diujicoba oleh Microsoft pada saat pengembangannya.
Menginstal Windows di dalam Windows
Siapkan :
1. Microsoft Virtual PC 2007
2. MWSnap
Berikut langkah-langkahnya :
1. Install Microsoft PC 2007
2. Install MWSnap (guna untuk mengambil gambar saat penginstalan Windows berjalan)
3. Setelah VPC terinstal, buka aplikasi tersebut
4. Klik ‘Next’ untuk untuk membuat Console

5. Klik ‘Next’
6. Pilih ‘Create a virtual machine’

Create a virtual machine = Membuat Virtual baru
Use default settings to create a virtual machine = Membuat virtual baru dengan settingan standar
Add an existing virtual machine = Menggunakan virtual yang ada (pernah di buat sebelumnya)
7. Klik ‘Next’
8. Isikan Nama dan Lokasi virtual

9. Untuk memilih lokasi virtual, klik ‘Browse…’

10. Setelah mengisi nama dan lokasi virtual, klik ‘Next’
11. Pilih Sistem Operasi Windows XP (Jika tidak ada di menu, pilih ‘Other…’)

12. Klik ‘Next’
13. Jika ingin menggunakan kapasitas RAM yang di sarankan, pilih ‘Using the recommended RAM’

14. Klik ‘Next’
15. Pilih ‘a new virtual hard disk’ untuk membuat Virtual Harddisk baru
16. Klik ‘Next’
17. Pilih lokasi VHD dan isikan kapasitas VHD (untuk Windows XP, minimal 4000 MB)

18. Klik ‘Next’
19. Terakhir, klik ‘Finish’

20. Console Windows Xp akan terlihat di depan

21. Untuk memulai, klik ‘Start’
22. Layar hitam akan muncul seperti layaknya komputer dihidupkan

23. Seperti halnya di komputer, tak ada Sistem Oerasi maka komputer tidak dapat bekerja


24. Inilah yang sebenarnya kita tunggu! Menginstal Windows di dalam Windows
25. Masukkan CD/DVD Windows ke dalam CD/DVD ROM Capture ISO image….-opera aplikasi WINXP-SP2
26. Agar dapat terbaca di VPC, pilih Menu Action
27. pilih Reset at Start.
28. Setelah itu tekan tombol enter pada keyboard-F8-enter-enter
29Tunggulah sampai ada tulisan meminta Id27. pilih Reset at Start.
28.
30. Masukan Id
31. Tunggu hingga selesai
32.Ketika Anda memilih tombol Close, maka Microsoft Virtual PC akan menampilkan pernyataan Save State dan Turn Off.
Cara-cara membuat cd virtual dengan alcohol 52%
TAHAP PERTAMA :
1. Install aplikasi Alcohol.2. Masukkan cd yang akan dibuat cd virual, tidak rusak dan yang pastinya masih bagus.
3. Jalankan aplikasi Alcohol 52 %.
4. Pada gambar dibawah ini klik menu file lalu pilih Image Making Wizard.
5. Setelah muncul kotak dialog seperti gambar di bawah ini, pada kolom CD/DVD Device tentukan cd/dvd drive yang ada cd yang akan anda virtualkan. Setelah itu klik next
6. Setelah muncul kotak dialog seperti gambar dibawah ini, tentukan lokasi penyimpanan image(hasil backup cd yang akan divirtualkan) pada image location:. Pada kolom image format: pilih format Standar ISO Image File (*.iso). Dan jangan lupa beri nama image tersebut pada kolom Image name:
7. Setelah itu klik start, lalu muncul seperti tampilan dibawah ini, tunggu hingga proces selesai.
Category:
0
komentar
By Elia Rahmani [eelz cassiopeia]
Lots of computer network equipment. To give only the important ones are discussed on this occasion:
Terminal
There are five types of terminals and terminal keyboard is common and the most popular.
Keyboard terminals are input terminals which are very popular among computer users. Users can use the keyboard mengentri data, providing specific instructions to publish reports and so on.
Telephone Terminal Keys: computers can also be equipped with an audio response. Can send messages that can be heard by the user on the telephone keypad. Keystrokes used to transmit data and instructions to the computer.
The point of sales terminals (point of sale) We also can see how readers charakter optics used in the supermarket. This terminal provides a way to enter transaction data into the database at the time penjuala (point of sale). For this reason the terminal is called the terminal point of sale (POS)
Data Collector Terminal. Suatau special type of terminal is designed for use by factory workers. Tool known as a terminal to collect data (data collection terminal) used to collect data, identifies the presence and work performance of employees. OCR tool is used to read charakter and document that accompanies the job is running in the factory.
Special terminal is a terminal specifically designed for a specific keperlua such as cash registers equipped with special buttons. One key for one type of seller
NIC (Network Interface Card)
Lan network card or cards are installed on each computer that will be connected to a computer network. Many types and brands of network cards that are available in the market, but some basic things you need to know which type of network card ISA or PCI card with 10 or 10/100 Mbps speed, must be adapted to the type of Ethernet switching HUB or to be used, the type of protocol and cable types it supports in addition to product quality was also ruled out. New kind of computer is not equipped with ISA slots even Onboard Network Interface is generally a system that is already available on the mainboard so no need to install Lan Card
In accordance with the level of demand for computer networks, many new types of computer mainboard equipped with an on board network card. Quality in the good but the author believes is better to use a separate network card. One of the advantages is that it can choose a particular brand and easily replaced if damage occurs.
Hub or concentrator
Hub is a network device that consists of many ports to connect a node or point to form interconnected networks in star topology. If the number of ports available is not sufficient to connect all computers to be linked into a single network can be used several hubs that are connected in an up-link.
Port are available usually until 8, 16, 24 or more to suit your needs. For speed, you can use a HUB or Switch 10 10/100. We recommend using a 10/100 because it can be used for maximum speed network 10 or 100. Hub existing coax cable that supports the menukung pemggunaan BUS topology and UTP to support the STAR topology. However, the latest type tend to only provide support for the use of UTP cable.
see also
UTP connector (RJ-45)
To connect the UTP cable RJ-45 connector is required or the type of jack that looks like a telephone cable jack, but cable has more holes. Connectors are installed at both ends of the cable with a special Tang equipment UTP. But if it is not able to install it, you can request an advertiser at a time when to buy UTP Cable
UTP cable
There are several types of cables used in network line, but the most widely used in private network / local area network today is UTP cable.
Bridge
Bridge used to connect between networks that have the same protocol. The end result is a single logical network. Bridge can also be used in networks which have different physical media. Examples of networks that use fiber networks using obtik with coacial.
Bridge learn who passes the destination address and directs traffic to the destination. Also used to insulate the network. If the network is slowed by the existence of the network traffic management can be divided into two smaller entity.
Switch
Bridge is a development of the concept. There are two basic architectures that are used on the switch, ie the cut-through and store and forward. Switch cut-through has the advantage in speed because of the side when a package arrived, the switch just prior notice forwarded to the destination address tijuannya segment, whereas the store and forward switch is the opposite. These switches receive and inspect the entire contents of the package before forwarded to the destination and to check a package requires time, but this process allows switches know of any damage to the packet data and prevent it from disturbing the network.
By Swith there are some advantages because all segments of the network has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps full. Network share is not divided as to the use of hubs.
Cluster Control Unit
Cluster Control Unit to build relationships between the terminal-controlled with equipment and network equipment. This tool allows multiple terminals to share one printer or access multiple computers through the different networks. Cluster Control Unit can also do error checking and changing the code.
Multiplexer
When multiple terminals to share a single channel at the same time, multiplexers can be added at each end. Multiplexer is a device that allows sending and receiving messages simultaneously bebrpa. Additional multiplexers such change affects one-lane road into the highway with several lanes.
Setting port numbers and protocols that send data at the correct software module within the host.
Front-end Processor
Front-end Processor computer network that handles traffic into and out of the host computer. Both computers can represent any kind, but the general configuration consists of a special kind of mini computer that functions as a front-end processor and a host mainframes.
Front-end Processor functions as a unit of input from the host with mengumpuklkan incoming messages and prepare the data for the host. Front-end processor also functions as a unit of output from the host by receiving the messages for transmission to the terminal.
Although the transmission speed between the channel and front-end processor is relatively slow (in most cases the bits are transmitted serially) tarnsmisi speed front-end processor with a host can take place rapidly (several bits are transmitted in parallel).
Some front-end processor do message switching by regulating the route (routing) messages from one terminal to another without involving the host. If for some reason the receiver can not receive messages (perhaps Whereas, used or damaged) front-end processor can store the message in the secondary storage and send it later. This capability is called store and forward (store and forward).
Host
Host data processing work for the network. Incoming messages are handled in the same way with the data received from the unit in any type of unit. After processing the message can be transmitted back to the front-end processor for routing.
Router
Router does not have the ability to learn, but can specify the path (path) data between two networks most eficien. Routers operate at the Network layer (third layer of the OSI.). Routers do not care about topology and Access level used by the network. Because it operates at the network layer. He is not hindered by the media or communications protocol. Bridge nd see where the data packets, Router only knows where the next router is placed. It can be used to connect networks that use the same high-level protocol.
If the data packet arrives at a router, it determines the best route for the packet by performing checks on a router table. He only saw only see the package sent to him by the previous router.
Brouter
Is a technology that combines the bridge and router. In fact, often incorrectly referred to as routers multiprotokol. Although in reality he is more complicated than what is called a router multiprotokol the truth.
Getway
Gateway is equipped with six or seven layers of the support structure of the OSI protocol. He is joining methods and network to network to host the most sophisticated. Gateway can be used for connecting networks having different architectures such as PC based Novell SNA or Ethernet network
Modem
The only time the modem is not required when the telephone is used as a terminal button. All other computer network channel requires a modem at each end. Modem designed to operate at a certain speed is usually 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 or 96 000 bits per second and beyond the speed of the modem determines the speed of data transmission.
ADSL is a modem type for the use of high speed internet accses. Generally, an ADSL modem is an integration of a modem, firewall and Ethernet switches and routers, and possibly also with transiever. ADSL Modem working on a different frequency to the frequency used in that channel Telephone Telephone conversations can be used to percapapan conjunction with the use of data transmission melelalui ADSL modem.
Radio
Terminal
There are five types of terminals and terminal keyboard is common and the most popular.
Keyboard terminals are input terminals which are very popular among computer users. Users can use the keyboard mengentri data, providing specific instructions to publish reports and so on.
Telephone Terminal Keys: computers can also be equipped with an audio response. Can send messages that can be heard by the user on the telephone keypad. Keystrokes used to transmit data and instructions to the computer.
The point of sales terminals (point of sale) We also can see how readers charakter optics used in the supermarket. This terminal provides a way to enter transaction data into the database at the time penjuala (point of sale). For this reason the terminal is called the terminal point of sale (POS)
Data Collector Terminal. Suatau special type of terminal is designed for use by factory workers. Tool known as a terminal to collect data (data collection terminal) used to collect data, identifies the presence and work performance of employees. OCR tool is used to read charakter and document that accompanies the job is running in the factory.
Special terminal is a terminal specifically designed for a specific keperlua such as cash registers equipped with special buttons. One key for one type of seller
NIC (Network Interface Card)
Lan network card or cards are installed on each computer that will be connected to a computer network. Many types and brands of network cards that are available in the market, but some basic things you need to know which type of network card ISA or PCI card with 10 or 10/100 Mbps speed, must be adapted to the type of Ethernet switching HUB or to be used, the type of protocol and cable types it supports in addition to product quality was also ruled out. New kind of computer is not equipped with ISA slots even Onboard Network Interface is generally a system that is already available on the mainboard so no need to install Lan Card
In accordance with the level of demand for computer networks, many new types of computer mainboard equipped with an on board network card. Quality in the good but the author believes is better to use a separate network card. One of the advantages is that it can choose a particular brand and easily replaced if damage occurs.
Hub or concentrator
Hub is a network device that consists of many ports to connect a node or point to form interconnected networks in star topology. If the number of ports available is not sufficient to connect all computers to be linked into a single network can be used several hubs that are connected in an up-link.
Port are available usually until 8, 16, 24 or more to suit your needs. For speed, you can use a HUB or Switch 10 10/100. We recommend using a 10/100 because it can be used for maximum speed network 10 or 100. Hub existing coax cable that supports the menukung pemggunaan BUS topology and UTP to support the STAR topology. However, the latest type tend to only provide support for the use of UTP cable.
see also
UTP connector (RJ-45)
To connect the UTP cable RJ-45 connector is required or the type of jack that looks like a telephone cable jack, but cable has more holes. Connectors are installed at both ends of the cable with a special Tang equipment UTP. But if it is not able to install it, you can request an advertiser at a time when to buy UTP Cable
UTP cable
There are several types of cables used in network line, but the most widely used in private network / local area network today is UTP cable.
Bridge
Bridge used to connect between networks that have the same protocol. The end result is a single logical network. Bridge can also be used in networks which have different physical media. Examples of networks that use fiber networks using obtik with coacial.
Bridge learn who passes the destination address and directs traffic to the destination. Also used to insulate the network. If the network is slowed by the existence of the network traffic management can be divided into two smaller entity.
Switch
Bridge is a development of the concept. There are two basic architectures that are used on the switch, ie the cut-through and store and forward. Switch cut-through has the advantage in speed because of the side when a package arrived, the switch just prior notice forwarded to the destination address tijuannya segment, whereas the store and forward switch is the opposite. These switches receive and inspect the entire contents of the package before forwarded to the destination and to check a package requires time, but this process allows switches know of any damage to the packet data and prevent it from disturbing the network.
By Swith there are some advantages because all segments of the network has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps full. Network share is not divided as to the use of hubs.
Cluster Control Unit
Cluster Control Unit to build relationships between the terminal-controlled with equipment and network equipment. This tool allows multiple terminals to share one printer or access multiple computers through the different networks. Cluster Control Unit can also do error checking and changing the code.
Multiplexer
When multiple terminals to share a single channel at the same time, multiplexers can be added at each end. Multiplexer is a device that allows sending and receiving messages simultaneously bebrpa. Additional multiplexers such change affects one-lane road into the highway with several lanes.
Setting port numbers and protocols that send data at the correct software module within the host.
Front-end Processor
Front-end Processor computer network that handles traffic into and out of the host computer. Both computers can represent any kind, but the general configuration consists of a special kind of mini computer that functions as a front-end processor and a host mainframes.
Front-end Processor functions as a unit of input from the host with mengumpuklkan incoming messages and prepare the data for the host. Front-end processor also functions as a unit of output from the host by receiving the messages for transmission to the terminal.
Although the transmission speed between the channel and front-end processor is relatively slow (in most cases the bits are transmitted serially) tarnsmisi speed front-end processor with a host can take place rapidly (several bits are transmitted in parallel).
Some front-end processor do message switching by regulating the route (routing) messages from one terminal to another without involving the host. If for some reason the receiver can not receive messages (perhaps Whereas, used or damaged) front-end processor can store the message in the secondary storage and send it later. This capability is called store and forward (store and forward).
Host
Host data processing work for the network. Incoming messages are handled in the same way with the data received from the unit in any type of unit. After processing the message can be transmitted back to the front-end processor for routing.
Router
Router does not have the ability to learn, but can specify the path (path) data between two networks most eficien. Routers operate at the Network layer (third layer of the OSI.). Routers do not care about topology and Access level used by the network. Because it operates at the network layer. He is not hindered by the media or communications protocol. Bridge nd see where the data packets, Router only knows where the next router is placed. It can be used to connect networks that use the same high-level protocol.
If the data packet arrives at a router, it determines the best route for the packet by performing checks on a router table. He only saw only see the package sent to him by the previous router.
Brouter
Is a technology that combines the bridge and router. In fact, often incorrectly referred to as routers multiprotokol. Although in reality he is more complicated than what is called a router multiprotokol the truth.
Getway
Gateway is equipped with six or seven layers of the support structure of the OSI protocol. He is joining methods and network to network to host the most sophisticated. Gateway can be used for connecting networks having different architectures such as PC based Novell SNA or Ethernet network
Modem
The only time the modem is not required when the telephone is used as a terminal button. All other computer network channel requires a modem at each end. Modem designed to operate at a certain speed is usually 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 or 96 000 bits per second and beyond the speed of the modem determines the speed of data transmission.
ADSL is a modem type for the use of high speed internet accses. Generally, an ADSL modem is an integration of a modem, firewall and Ethernet switches and routers, and possibly also with transiever. ADSL Modem working on a different frequency to the frequency used in that channel Telephone Telephone conversations can be used to percapapan conjunction with the use of data transmission melelalui ADSL modem.
Radio
Category:
0
komentar